Chillers (PA Technology)

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Name of technology example: Type
Chillers
Chiller2.jpg
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
☐ Alternative Methodology
Description A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required. As a necessary byproduct, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambient or, for greater efficiency, recovered for heating purposes. Concerns in design and selection of chillers include performance, efficiency, maintenance and product life cycle environmental impact.

Existing chiller technology can be operated with renewable energies.

New environmental friendly refrigerants like NH4 (amonia), CO2, Propane or water will gain more and more importance.

Cooling is responsible for almost 15% of the worlds electricity consumption. The energy saving potentials are high.

Technology for the Application of
Solar ☐ Biomass ☐ Biofuel
☐ Biogas Wind ☐ Geo-Thermal
Hydro Energy Efficiency
☐ Other: /
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Steps
☐ Mechanization ☐ Efficiency of Operation Processing
☐ Transportation ☐ Controlled Atmosphere ☐ Controlled Temperature
☐ Mechanical Sorting ☐ Preservation
☐ Other: /
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Activities
☐ Grinding ☐ Hauling and conveying ☐ Sorting
☐ Seedbed Preparation ☐ Milling ☐ Tearing
☐ Planting ☐ Washing ☐ Mixing
☐ Pumping ☐ Heating Drying
☐ Irrigation Cooling ☐ Animal feeding
☐ Fertilizing ☐ Venting ☐ Animal health and Welfare
☐ Pest Management ☐ Lighting ☐ Packing and branding
☐ Cutting ☐ Sanitation
Other: Space cooling, dehumidification
Primarily Implemented in the following Commodity Groups
☐ Cereals ☐ Fruits and vegetables ☐ Nuts and berries
☐ Forage ☐ Dairy products ☐ Meat products
☐ Oil Seeds ☐ Roots and Tubers ☐ Eggs
☐ Pulses ☐ Fiber Crops ☐ Forestry
☐ Sugars ☐ Stimulants ☐ Spices
Other: All commodity groups with cooling requirements
Region & Country of
Development
Worldwide

Africa
South Asia
East Asia & The Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & The Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
North America
☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of
Current Deployment
Worldwide

Africa
South Asia
East Asia & The Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & The Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
North America
☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of
Potential Deployment
Worldwide

Africa
South Asia
East Asia & The Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & The Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
North America
☐ N/A: /
Manufacturers Carrier

York

Trane

Copeland

Economics The investment in a replacment old chiller system by new and efficient ones will be paid back short-term in many cases.
Technology Development Level Widespread use;
Required Maintenance Technical Level High: Technology can only be maintained through its life cycle with uncommon tools and requires trained professionals for maintenance;
Required Infrastructure for Deployment High: Technology development requires either, high-development level supporting technologies or mid-development level supporting technologies and uncommon tools and professional personnel;
Required Resources during manufacture Metals, Plastics, Chemicals
Required Resources during operation Refrigerant, lubricants, electricity, water (in case of water-cooled chillers;
Deployment
Level
Worldwide use;
Deployment Capability and Potential The hugh potenzial for energy saving measures has to be deployed, limitations are education and trained people;
Requirements for Deployment Training and education regarding the potential for energy saving measures, for use of renewable energies in cooling processes and for the replacement of environmentally critical refrigerants;
Relevance for Autonomy and Food Security Requires supporting technology, energy and services from outside;
Environment Impacts (emissions) Leaking refrigerants, heat;
Conformity with Bio- Cybernetic System Rules High degree of conformity, when natural cooling is tapped to full potential, when chillers are operated with renewable energies and environmental friendly refrigerants, when heat recovery for thermal use and when recycling of the equipment is realized;
Additional information / Comments No comments.
Internal Reference
Additional Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiller

http://www.carrier.com

http://www.york.com/

http://www.trane.com

http://frigopol.com/de/downloads/verdichter/

"Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy," is not in the list (Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Alternative Methodology) of allowed values for the "PAT Type" property.