Balloon Digester for Biogas Plants

From energypedia

Overview

There are different types of small scale biogas digesters. Some of the biogas digesters are summarized below:


The table below gives a first comparison of the different types.

Factors

Fixed dome

Floating drum

Tubular design

Plastic containers

Gas storage

Internal Gas storage up to 20 m³ (large)

Internal Gas storage drum size (small)

Internal eventually external plastic bags

Internal Gas storage drum sizes (small)

Gas pressure

Between 60 and 120 mbar

Upto 20 mbar

Low, around 2 mbar

Low around 2mbar

Skills of contractor

High; masonry, plumbing

High; masonry, plumbing, welding

Medium; plumbing

Low; plumbing

Availability of Material

yes

yes

yes

yes

Durability

Very high >20 years

High; drum is weakness

Medium; Depending on chosen liner

Medium

Agitation

Self agitated by Biogas pressure

Manual steering

Not possible; plug flow type

Evtl Manual steering

Sizing

6 to 124 m³ digester vol

Up to 20 m³

Combination possible

Up to 6 m³ digester vol

Methane emission

High

Medium

Low

Medium


Balloon Plants

A balloon plant consists of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gas-holder. The gas is stored in the upper part of the balloon. The inlet and outlet are attached directly to the skin of the balloon. Gas pressure can be increased by placing weights on the balloon. If the gas pressure exceeds a limit that the balloon can withstand, it may damage the skin. Therefore, safety valves are required. If higher gas pressures are needed, a gas pump is required. Since the material has to be weather- and UV resistant, specially stabilized, reinforced plastic or synthetic caoutchouc is given preference. Other materials which have been used successfully include RMP (red mud plastic), Trevira and butyl. The useful life-span does usually not exceed 2-5 years.


Advantages:

  • Standardized prefabrication at low cost,
  • low construction sophistication,
  • ease of transportation,
  • shallow installation suitable for use in areas with a high groundwater table;
  • high temperature digesters in warm climates;
  • uncomplicated cleaning,
  • emptying and maintenance;
  • difficult substrates like water hyacinths can be used

Balloon biogas plants are recommended, if local repair is or can be made possible and the cost advantage is substantial.


Disadvantages:

  • Low gas pressure may require gas pumps;
  • scum cannot be removed during operation;
  • the plastic balloon has a relatively short useful life-span and is susceptible to mechanical damage and usually not available locally. In addition, local craftsmen are rarely in a position to repair a damaged balloon. There is only little scope for the creation of local employment and, therefore, limited self-help potential.


Variations: A variation of the balloon plant is the channel-type digester, which is usually covered with plastic sheeting and a sunshade (fig.1-E). Balloon plants can be recommended wherever the balloon skin is not likely to be damaged and where the temperature is even and high.

Foil Plant
Plant types

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Further Information


References